Thanks for posting this question, CBlackjr.
It may seem like a simple question, but it is a good one because many of us need to be reminded that we, too, were once just beginning to learn about such things.
As I understand Cali laws, it really depends on the county in which you live, whether or not you will be
allowed to carry a firearm for self-defense. It depends on the sheriff, or police chief, if you live in a municipality. In California, it could also depend on how much money you donated to your local sheriff's re-election campaign. Ask Jim March about that one.
You will probably have to submit fingerprints, take a class, demonstrate proficiency with the weapon of your choice and possibly register the weapon's serial number with the state. Laws vary from state to state, so check thoroughly before starting out.
Take Firemedic's advice and start out at
http://www.packing.org . You can also check out the NRA's site for other firearm laws.
http://www.nraila.org/research/statelaws