Cutloads
Back in the 1930's my father tells me some poor folks in Northern Minnesota employed something called a cutload to shoot deer while equiped with only birdshot. They were made by cutting nearly all the way through the shotshell hull just behind the wad. This caused the foreward part of the shell, including wad, shot & hull, to fly out and hit more or less like a slug. The down side was that most guns of the day had full chokes, and some folks managed to streach, bulge, crack, and occasionally detonate the ends of their barrels with such loads.
I do not endorse this practice, but in the "Dirty Thirties" some folks "made meat" any way they could.