I have done it deliberately. Also 9mm in a .40. The 1911 firing pin jumps 3/4 inch out of the breech face and will fire a cartridge that is anywhere near it if it is close enough to the primer.
This usually does no serious damage, only that described. BUT here is an interesting scenario. The pistol is a .45, 1911 type. I chamber the first round with the gun level. That round is a .40, which will be held in the .45 magazine. The .40 round is not held by the extractor and is pushed into the chamber by the slide movement.
I then check the gun (press check, perhaps) and there is no round in the chamber. Thinking I forgot to load, I again chamber a round, this time a .45, level the gun and let fly. I have not tried this, though I might. But I wonder if it has caused any of the KBs I read about.
Jim