As far as "Artillery use" . . . during the Civil War, most of the artillerymen did not carry firearms other than perhaps the officers and "some" non-commissioned officers. The job of an artilleryman was to "serve the piece" at all times. Those serving the piece were familiar with the job of each man so that if wounded or killed, they could step in, sometimes having to do the job of several men, in order to keep the piece in operation. Think about it . . . with the enemy advancing on the ranks of the opposition (whether it be North or South), if artillerymen were armed, they would be prone to stop "working the piece" and resort to their personal weapons to defend themselves . . . thus, the artillery piece would fall silent . . . and thus no canister delivered into the ranks of the opposition.
Most Northern artillerymen were supplied with artillery sabers . . . which were quickly abandoned by many along side the road as what real use did they have for them? Again, their job was to "serve the piece" and keep it in action in support of their own army.