Somewhen about seventy years back, mas o menos, the folks at the old Frankford Arsenal got curious and set up an experiment with a Mk 2 Ball cartridge.
Electrical hookup so resistance heating would ignite the primer.
The cartridge was set on a piece of cloth, on top of a bar of soap. All this inside a cardboard box.
Close circuit. Finally, "Pop!"
Examination showed a slightly scorched cloth and a very shallow dent in the soap. Unburned powder. Nothing exited the box or even made much of a dent.
Basically, the bullet leaves the case before the powder's burning can build up any notable amount of pressure.