The general consensus is that for most well designed and made pistols, they are not needed, but using them hurts nothing, and may have benefit.
Probably true, but it really depends on the specific model of the gun. Most centerfire handguns are safely dry-fired, but a few aren't The owner's manual will generally warn you if there can be a problem. Good snap caps are made to take the impact of the firing pin (or striker), and often have a spring mechanism inside to cushion the blow.
The Beretta Tomcat I had could break the firing pin
WHEN a snap cap was used! (The firing pin hit the snap cap "primer" so hard it cratered it very quickly -- if you didn't pay attention, the firing pin could still break.)
With some of the small guns like the Kel-Tec P-11 P-32, P3AT and the , PF9, the owners manuals warn against dry-firing without a snap cap. I suspect the small hammer-fired Rugers like the LCP and LC9
might have similar problems if you dry fire too much. (Design is very similar!)
Early CZ-75Bs and CZ-40Bs would break the firing pin retention roll pin if dry-fired a lot; CZ later changed the firing pin retention pin design (twice!) and the problem finally went away. It didn't happen a lot, but it did happen. If you have an older 75B or a 40B, you should have some replacement roll pins or solid pins on hand, or use a snap cap.
Dummy rounds are just rounds that LOOK like real rounds (same size and shape) and some are made of plastic or other materials They can be used to test function (racking the slide, feeding from a mag) or can be helpful the parts of gun training where pulling the trigger isn't being focused upon.