the obvious...
1. the bullet diameter or the 22lr is .222", while the bullet diameter of the 5.56 is .224". so first off your looking at not making a proper gas seal as the bullet travels down the barrel. which can cause poor accuracy
2. the barrel twist the barrel twist for a 22lr is generally 1in16, while the twist for a 5.56 is between 1in7 through 1in14 with most being 1in9. so you will be spinning the 22lr too fast to maintain proper stabilization in flight. Which can cause poor accuracy [FIXED]
3. the gas system of the standard ar15 will get fouled by gasses that follow the 22lr down. And these gasses will be dumped into the receiver. the 22 conversion bolt is not gas operated but recoil operated. it is generally accepted that after shooting any amount of 22lr through your standard ar15 you should shoot a handfull of standard 5.56/.223 though it to "clean" your gas system.
4. the amount of cleaning? ... this is subjective since not everyone completely cleans their guns after every outing like i do, so i cant answer this. but it would stand to reason that you would have to take special care in cleaning the receiver.
5. jamming... my experience with ALL 22lr autos is that jamming is to be expected, and the conversion bolt will jam. but look at it like this: jamming is a good thing in that it makes you run through your stoppage drills
my personal experience is this.
i had a conversion bolt. i sold it and bought a dedicated upper. i get better accuracy with the dedicated upper. which i have since built into a full rifle.
22lr out of a ar15 platform is great! its way cheaper, quieter, and still fun. and it gives you the added opportunity for training