I repeat:
Conservative: One who CONSERVES tradional system, values, system of government, culture and sees the wisdom of generations of ages past (Founding Fathers, British/European law and customs)
Ron Paul of Texas is a Conservative, Pat Buchanan is a Conservative, John Duncan of Tennessee is a Conservative. Each of these men may have slightly different views about individual issues, but as a whole they all support the Constitution as it was originally intended by the Founding Fathers. Meaning that the government was to be next to nothing but a referee between the states in trade and delivering the mail and organizing armies in times of defensive war.
They are men after the hearts of John C. Calhoun, Jefferson Davis, Lord John Acton, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Edmund Burke. They believe states and communities of people better serve themselves by running their own affairs as they decide for themselves what kind of community they want. The conservative heart realizes, because we currently live in a fallen world, that perfection is NOT possible, so makes allowances for a little evil but still realizing the need for opposing it, but on the local, individual and even personal level.
The Liberal and Neo-Conservatives on the other hand, like Ted Kennedy, Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, George W. Bush, George Bush, Bill Kristol, Bill Bennett are men after the hearts of Franklin Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Teddy Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Hobbes. The believe that people must be centralized under one system and made homogenous. All problems must be solved by passing laws and enforcing them employing extreme measures if necessary. They don't see any place for real culture or civilization all they see are abstract ideas that must be implemented and society must be molded to fit their ideal (which is why we have political correctness). They have a view that evil can be rooted out and destroyed and the world can be made a perfect place only through force and legislation. This means eliminating local control of affairs and making all communities subserviant to centralized supervision. This means eliminating the means people have of defending themselves and their communities (gun control, or sword control).
It's a LONG story and indeed Old story, and entire books have been written on the subject. A good book I just started reading called
The Long Truce: How Toleration Made The World Safe for Power and Profit by Prof. A.J. Conyers appears to be a good book on the root of this subject.