I've shot deer with a .22 lr, .22 Mag, .222 Rem, .223 Rem, .22-250, .243 Win, 6 mm Rem, .240 Wea, .257 Roberts, .25-06, .257 Wea, .264 Win Mag, .270 Win, .270 Wea, 7 mm-08, 7x57R, 7 mm Rem Mag, .308 Win, .30-06, .300 Win Mag, .338 Win Mag, .358 Win, and a .375 H&H. Also with .44 Mag from a pistol, bow and muzzle loader with round ball and sabots. I may have left something out, but I'm not sure, too much water under the bridge.
Of all those deer I only missed two one at over 500 yards with a .270 Weatherby, I found some white chest hair on the ground, but no blood. The other one was a clean miss with a .25-06 at about 325 yards, I still don't know what happened. I was sitting down in a box blind with a rest, but I missed. Every deer I did hit though, with every cartridge listed, died. Some ran some didn't, but they all died.
The point I'm trying to make is that shot placement is paramount and that most any rifle cartridge thats projectile will penetrate to the heart and lungs will kill a deer.
The difference between a
.250 Savage, .257 Roberts, .25-06 and a .257 Weatherby, all lets say loaded with a 100 grain Nosler Partition, to their maximum potential, is mainly one of flatness of trajectory and their useful range. In terms of killing power there is little difference, dead is dead.
Lets say the animal is 110 yards away, you shot it right behind the shoulder with any of the .25s I named, all loaded with the same bullet, or different ones for that matter and you are going to get the same result, a dead deer.
Now perhaps the
extra shock and tissue destruction from screamers like the .25-06 and .257, might cause the deer to DRT or not run quite as far as say with the little .250 Savage, but dead is dead. It may DRT with any of them and it my run 50+ yards, but if you hit it behind the shoulder, it is dead.
I will personally recommend anything from the .22-250 with the 70 grain Speer or 60 grain Nosler up to the .375 H&H Mag with the 275 grain bullet as being good for deer. If you want to use something bigger more power too you.
If we just single out the .257 Weatherby, I personally believe
no thin skinned game in North America can stand up to it. Loaded with the 100 or 117 grain bullet a heart lung shot would kill anything even large bears, but maybe not as fast as one would like.
Of course so would a .243 Win loaded with a good 90 or 100 grain bullet, you just can't take as long a shots and some animals, like elk, may run pretty far before they die.
P.s. I forgot I've also shot a deer with a .300 Savage and a shotgun slug. Guess what, they both died.
That little .22 Hornet on the right end of the front row of the rifle cartridges, will kill a deer, it is not ideal and shot placement becomes even more critical, but it would do the job if thats all you had. Look at the little .25-20 on the other end. It is certainly under powered for most anything, but there is no telling how many deer were killed with it, back in the days before people knew better.