The "Machinery's Handbook" is the bible for this kind of information. New editions are spendy, used ones are affordable. My 23rd edition is 2500 pages, I bet the newest edition is over 3k.
Like Doc said you have to know what your working with before you can get accurate info. You could assume you are working with mild steel and be in the ball park.
The failure of the arbor threads is not a normal problem. The frame threads can become battered but that is caused by other problems, like excessive barrel gap, poorly fit arbor to barrel lug and poor quality of initial assembly.