How can I tell the chamber length in an unmarked barrel without actually buying different shells and dropping them in the chamber? It's a .410 and is at least a 2 1/2 chamber. Any ideas?
You could try to cast the chamber with something. A chamber for a 3" shell will be 3" deep, the shells are measured after firing.
A 3" shell will drop into a 2.5" chamber, just, but when it fires and opens up there isn't room for the crimp to fully open and will cause a pressure spike that could be dangerous.