A long, long time ago, there were true carbines, intended for horse soldiers. When a rifle was introduced, there was usually also a carbine version. There was a Krag carbine, which actually looked like a nice sporting rifle. But a few years later, the short rifle concept began to catch on and true carbines became rather uncommon.
I've only seen a couple of Mauser carbines and they looked awfully handy. But I've read they were something else to shoot. In addition to the recoil, they may have been more difficult to make hits at range with. There were trapper model lever actions, too, and I used to think they were a recent idea. But I happened to see an old one once, so they were around when center fire lever actions were the thing to have. Even so, the Model 94 had a carbine version that was even longer. But those trapper models were really nice. Maybe not something for hunting antelope with, however.