Per an attorney,
If there is no contraband in your car or on you, and you refuse, on general priciples, to allow a search, do not get out of the car. (If you do, it becomes an abandoned vehicle.) Lock the doors, crack the window, and inform the officer that you will remain in the vehicle, with hands in plain sight; that if he has probable cause, you will not resist arrest. If he does not choose to arrest you (which means he has no PC), you will give him 40 minutes to obtain a search warrant, and that when he presents the warrant you will, of course, submit to the search. If he informs you that you are under arrest, open the door, and submit to arrest. Since you have been arrested, the car can now be legally searched.
But if the arrest turns out to be without PC, even if something is found, it is false arrest and illegal.
The best advice is how not to get stopped or be asked to search in the first place.
Do NOT -
- Have "kill the pigs" bumper stickers
- Have "driver protected by Glock" bumper sticker
- Have an old, multi-color VW bus
- Have a little straggly beard, a red bandanna, dark granny glasses, and a Grateful Dead t-shirt
- Have burned out or broken lights, broken wipers, broken or cracked glass, a defective muffler, a bad tire or bent wheel, a rear deck lid tied down with wire (stolen or dangerous car?)
- Be speeding and/or weaving
- Be running other cars off the road
- Run stop signs or red lights
- Be DWB and do almost anything wrong
- Be drunk or high
- Have a gun in sight
- Have a pistol magazine, a speedloader, or even a copy of Guns & Ammo in sight (even the latter could be PC to search for a gun)
In other words, be discrete and act like coming home from church.