Well yeah, that's just not gonna work - any size shot big enough for deer is gonna be much too large for dove. You just have to take two different types of shells and switch them out. I would not be too averse to using 000 buck aiming for the neck on whitetails in a pinch - I think that would work well actually - you could probably get 5-8 out of 10 on the neck out to 35 yards with an extra-full choke, and that would drop the deer instantly. I would not shoot at the vitals on a deer with any type of buckshot, and would not shoot past 30-35 yards, but that's just me...