A 308 Winchester will fire in a 300WSM chamber. The cartridge will burst and has the potential of causing injury. I have a customer that has two identical Remington 700's. One is chambered for 308Winchester and the other one is 300WSM. He got them mixed up and fired a 308 win in the 300WSM. I was skeptical until I pulled the bolt out and looked at the bolt face. When the cartridge burst it transferred the headstamp lettering to the boltface. It read 308 Win. It did not hurt the rifle or the shooter. I heard of another case yesterday from a gunsmith buddy of mine. The rifle was a Model 70 Winchester chambered for 300WSM. That rifle didn't fare as well. It wrecked the extractor, blew the floorplate off and broke the stock. The shooter has a face full of burnt powder and case fragments.