I am assuming "deer hunting".... in my opinion, your best choice is a bolt action rifle in the 270, 308, 30-06 caliber area. You should be able to hunt everything except the largest bear with that (essentially the ones that might eat you). A larger caliber may perhaps be a bit more flexible in terms of quarry, but you pay a big price in recoil and for most, that means you won't really want to shoot it much.
Spend time in the woods and outdoors hiking. You are looking for a place to hunt where there is game. After you find such a place, when you first start out is to find a place (hunting location) that acts as somewhat of a funnel and hunt there where you can see sufficiently to make a reasonable shot, 75-100 yds or 50 yds minimum. If hunting a field, you will likely be able to see further.
A reasonable pair of binoculars would be a good investment. The Nikon Monarchs are a good middle of the road choice with good optics, that are like night and day better than the $50 binoculars you might see in a Walmart type store.
You will be thinking about things like... is this the best spot? I'm not seeing any game. I hear shooting over in that direction, maybe I need to move that way. All normal and you will generally just find your own way unless a more experienced hunter takes an interest and helps you make some of the choices. It always helps, but you will still have the same questions running though you mind when you are hunting. You just have to plunge in and start.
Read articles in magazines about hunting. They tend to fall along similar lines of thinking.
Pay attention to the wind. Ideally the wind should be blowing toward you rather than blowing in the dirction you think an animal might appear. But the wind changes and you do the best you can. Be as still as you can be when you are hunting. If you are walking, "still hunting", move very slowly... like... step (look around)... another step (look around)... etc.
Wear Blaze orange. Take a hunter safety class which should help you learn the basics. If you are bird hunting (turkey, duck, etc), they can see color which is why you see all the hunters wearing camo for this type of hunting.
Plus you are talking shotgun versus rifle more than likely. Your basic 12 ga pump shotgun will suffice for most things small game. Read the hunting regs for your province that you intend to hunt in. That's important.