Wikipedia says the 783 has no parts in common with the 700.
So, if you're looking for the barrel of one to screw right on to the action of the other, I'd say the answer is, no.
In reality almost any barrel can be fitted to almost any action, but usually involves some machine work, up to including cutting off the threaded shank, turning a new shank, threading it, and then cutting a new chamber.
My guess would be if you're looking to rebarrel (either one) you're better off starting with a barrel made for the action you want to put it on.