The 44 special at .429 inches is a perfect compromise big bore pistol.
A.357 magnum is capable of extremely deep penetration with the 158 grain bullet and stiff loads. To get penetration that deep with a .45 would require even greater velocities than the .357 achieves, with massive bullets.
A .429 bullet, or even .41* in the .10 mm/.40 calliber rounds will allow for good penetration at realistic velocities, lighter bullets, lower recoil, etc.
Any one of these cartridges make great combat rounds. All things considered, myself, I'd choose the .44 special over all of them. It will be less intense than a full house .357, but still be almost identically effective. it will be pretty much equal to even the heavier 10 mm rounds. moderate loads in a .44 special will be more controllable than the heavier loads in a .45 acp, and penetrate better.
You really could pick any of these, and get the ultimate combat handgun, with experts on every side supporting their own favorites, but my preference would be a heavier frame .44 special.
If you were to research it, you would find out that "dirty harry" didn't use .44 magnum. the character was actually firing .44 special loads in that revolver.