All I can tell you from personal experience is this: When I was about 12, my best friend's grandfather had an old Remington derringer and a partial box of .41 RF ammo (which probably had to predate WWII) which he kept in a cigar box in his bureau drawer.
One exceptional day, he allowed both of us to fire two rds each through it, mostly to short-circuit our curiousity so we wouldn't ever try to sneak it out on our own, I'm fairly sure.
From approximately 10 Ft., two of those four rds 'bounced' off of the telephone pole that was our target. The other two penetrated only slightly past the base of the bullet.
Granted, it was very old ammo (still loaded with BP, IIRC) but I feel safe in saying that IMO almost any .38 Spl. would certainly do better.