None that I've ever found, though I don't do it, I use magnum brass for magnum loads, only, and .38 brass for lighter loads.
I do this only for ease of identification, not because of any issues of strength, pressure, powder space volume or anything else.
You MIGHT find a slight measurable difference measuring the velocities shooting .38 loads in .357 brass, but you won't find a significant difference. (and by significant, I mean something that alters the performance enough so you, and your target can tell the difference without a chronograph and calculations.
Everyone knows about how the .357 brass is longer than .38 special, but few people actually bother to understand that the difference inside isn't as much as the outside.
The .357 case is 0.135" longer than the .38Special case (max lengths).
SO, most people assume that the internal space is that much different, as well. That difference would be the volume of a cylinder .379" in diameter (case diameter) and .135" tall. (approximately) Is that enough to significantly affect the volume of the powder space, and thereby significantly affect the performance of the .38 powder charge in the "larger" case???
BUT, look a little further, look at the loaded length numbers.
Max listed loaded length of the .357 and .38Spl does not differ by .135", it differs by 0.04"
SO, using the same bullet, loaded to listed max lengths, the difference in the powder space area of the two is NOT a cylinder .135" high, its a cylinder .04" high. That is considerably less, as .04 isn't even 1/3 of .135"....
Think about that...