".38 Special was built from the earlier .38 S&W."
Sorry, that's not correct.
The .38 S&W has different bullet and case dimensions. It generally isn't possible to use the .38 S&W in the a .38 Spl./.357.
The .38 Special was developed from the .38 Long Colt, which itself was developed from the earlier .38 Short Colt, itself a copy of the British .380 Revolver.
Given the failure of the .38 Long Colt round in military use in the Philippines, S&W hoped to capture the handgun market by supplying a more powerful cartridge. They lengthened the .38 Long Colt enough to up black powder capacity to 21.5 grains, velocity to around 850 fps, and bullet weight to 158 grains.
They also developed the Model 1899 Military and Police revolver for the new round (but also chambered quite a few in .38 Long Colt), the revolver that would develop into the Model 10.
As for the .38 S&W, Colt actually developed what became the original British military loading - a 200-gr. flat point bullet, which they called the Colt Super Police. That load, in British service, was dropped because it was a lead round nose and there were concerns that it violated the Hague Accords. Adopted in its place a jacketed 170+- gr. bullet at the same velocity as the 200-gr. loading. Power of either loading was really fairly marginal for a defensive handgun round.