We live in a world of printed statistical figures, so much foot pounds of energy, so much velocity, etc. etc. For some reason the type of bullet is seldom discussed. There are some hollow based wad cutters that you can load upside down so the hollow base is forward and I am TOLD (always dangerous
) that the impact of these lead bullets at point blank range is devastating. A lead bullet (versus copper plated) also upsets easier so you can use more powder, obtain higher velocities, and still be within safe pressures.
My local library had the original edition of Phil Sharpe's reloading. Some son of a gun stole it. Sharpe was the person that developed the 357 magnum. To start, he simply used 38 special cases and set the bullet out farther so that the OAL was what is used with a 357 magnum. He used a S & W K frame 38 Special with heavy barrel and basically had a 357 Magnum in a gun rated for a 38 Spl.
I myself had such a revolver. I called S & W about whether there was any difference between a K frame stamped "38 spl." - with heavy barrel- and an exactly similar looking K frame stamped "357 Magnum".
Talk about the lawyers getting us all scared of our shadows. All kinds of upset people telling me no but not why. Finally I got a hold of a guy in the shop that said the heat treatment was different. Personally I doubt that but the problem is...you just can't take the chance so I don't load it up to 357 Magnum levels.
The long and short of all this is....I think the old 38 Spl. is under rated. It was standard issue to police departments for years and in shoot outs with the bad guys no one ever questioned a bad guy being shot and killed with a 38 spl. There were some stories of poor performance- that's true- but usually when the shot was off. A 357 magnum where the shot is "Off"- I'm not sure if it would be more effective.
So. I think you are fine with a 38 Spl. you can go up to a P+P with a lead bullet and have a very good load.