A bolt action with a tubular magazine will feed them all. Same with pumps and levers. Even semi autos with tube mags will feed shorts, longs, & Long Rifles, although cycling might be an issue with a semi auto. Manually operated repeaters that use box magazines (clips) usually will not feed the shorter rounds. They would have to be single loaded in the chamber.
If you shoot enough shorts in a long rifle chamber (and enough is going to be several tens of thousands of rounds, and likely a lot more) the chamber can get eroded at the point where the shorter case mouth is. Something to be aware of, but nothing to worry about.
The only thing to watch is the crud build up in the chamber. which can make chambering a Long Rifle round difficult, until you clean it.