Rimfire cartridges were the first modern ammunition (and guns) developed in the 1800's. The centerfire priming was developed a little later and was much more reliable in terms of ignition. Rimfire cartridges were popular in the mid to late 1800's and as machining improved, centerfire priming was universally adopted in the last quarter of the 1800's more or less. Most rimfire calibers died a slow death except for the 22 rimfire (SH, L, LR, 22WMR, and 17 HMR).
Military needs drove centerfire development.
So, centerfire cartridges are generally more reliable than rimfire especially if you are comparing to 22LR. The 22WMR is a slightly different animal, but still a rimfire. They are very reliable and there are few fail to fires (FTF's). So, your consideration of the LCR in 22 Mag is okay.
There is no centerfire 22 Mag. <Chopped out "offending stuff" that several people seem to take exception to.>
Probably better to just choose a 38spl revolver or the Ruger LCR in 38 spl.
There are centerfire rifle cartridges that are equivalent to the 22 mag. These are generally not chambered in handguns except for something like the Thompson Contender (single shot).
"Caliber" refers to a bullet diameter (in inches). European cartridges used the metric system generally with such names as 9mm.