Jim, the Federal 140 grain Barnes loading should be fine for small deer...(Buffalo Bore has a loading that is hotter than the 1300fps I get from the Federal loading)
Here is how the Barnes 140 grain loading did from my 2" snub, compared to my SD round I normally use. also, the Same Barnes from a 5" barrel, compared to a 158 grain SJHP. I posted this a while back on the ruger forum.
Was up early (early enough I knew I'd have the whole range to myself) one Sunday morning and decided to load up the speed-loaders and clips and head to the range to test penetration and chronograph the Federal 140 grain .357 Barns bullet against what I presently carry. The rounds were shot (from 15 feet) into a bullet trap consisting of shredded rubber mulch, carefully dug out and the penetration measured.
I KNOW it's not ballistics gel. But at least it can give a side by side comparison of various bullets....cheaply. I use the trap primarily to recycle the lead for bullet casting.
The guns were: 340pd and a S&W 627
Present carry ammo:
Buffalo Bore 158 grain LHP 38+p Chronographs at 1000fps from the 340pd
Remington 158 grain sjhp (these were hand-loads with nearly identical velocity to the factory stuff with the "zero" brand bullets) @ 1250 +/- about 25fps from the 5" barrel 627
Federal 140 grain advertised at 1400fps but actually chronographed at about 1320 from the 5" barrel and around 1100fps from the snubby.
Results with the 340pd:
My typical carry ammo from this gun, the Buffalo Bore, penetrated between 10 and 12 inches into the mulch and was a bit "hit and miss" with the expansion.
In contrast, the 140 grain Barnes bullet penetrated 17 to 20 inches into the mulch and expanded consistently to between .5 and .6" This round might actually be a viable self defense round out of the snubby.
Results with the model 627:
My typical carry ammo (simulated here with pretty much identical results to the factory ammo) is the 158 grain Remington sjhp. Penetration was pretty consistent at 14 to 16 inches, and expansion was pretty consistent at about .5" Occasionally a round would fragment, as seen in the bullet pictured on the left, below.
The Barns bullet penetrated a whopping 24 inches (the whole length of the trap) and the petals were swept back further than when the same bullet was fired from the snubby. For the life of me, I can't figure out why this lighter bullet, that expands as much as the heavier one above, ends up penetrating so much further.....so much so, that I will not be using the 140 grain Barnes out of the 5" gun as a SD round. It should be just fine for medium game though, when I traipse through the condor zone.
If you are not being forced to use copper...stick with a HEAVY solid with a HUGE meplat. If you insist on, or have to use copper, the harder it's driven, the better these bullets perform. JMHO...based on my own testing.